Perhapsthemostnatural test of amaterials mechanical properties is the tensiontest,in which astriporcylinderofthematerial,havinglengthlandcrosssectionalareaa,isanchoredatone end and subjected to an axial load p a load acting along the specimens long axis at the other. Ductile iron owes its remarkable mechanical properties to the spheroidal shape of its graphite. Mechanical properties and performance of materials samples of engineering materials are subjected to a wide variety of mechanical tests to measure their strength, elastic constants, and other material properties as well as their performance under a variety of actual use conditions and environments. This page describes the mechanical properties of materials that are relevant to the design and analysis of mechanical systems. Materials data book 2003 edition cambridge university engineering department. These properties are represented as the average mechanical properties of the species. Microstructure and mechanical properties of iron containing titanium metalmetal composites. Nonferrous metals are those which do not contain significant quantity of iron ferrite or iron as the base metal. Comparison of the mechanical properties of steel and ductile iron. The meet structural expectations of ductile iron, more in process controls, closer iron control, and more analyses and tests are necessary. Only a few cast iron manufacturers in india have these facilities, so if you want to outsource ductile cast irons or any machined component in general to a.
Printer friendly version pdf download download as pdf excel download. This article evaluates and identifies the most important variables affecting the mechanical properties and carbide formation in thinwall ductile iron. International journal of refractory metals and hard materials. It is found that increase in the carbides in an alloy which resulted in to enhancement in hardness and wear resistance. Mechanical properties mechanical properties of steel. Previous works 1, 2 on ductile cast iron showed that the main factors affecting the mechanical properties are metallurgical structures. However, the mechanical properties are usually very good. The objective of the present work is to increase the wear resistance for long life of applications. Article effects of microstructure, mechanical and physical. Due to the difficulty to perform mechanical tests on the real oxides presented in the form of multiple laminated stratums, the elastic modulus of iron oxides remains unknown.
Pdf simulation of mechanical properties of gray cast iron. Effects of silicon on mechanical properties and fracture toughness of heavysection ductile cast iron liang song 1,2, erjun guo 2, liping wang 2 and dongrong liu 2 1 school of materials science and engineering, heilongjiang university of. The distinguishing characteristics or qualities that are used to describe a substance such as. Elastic deformation e is youngs modulusor modulus of elasticity, has the same units as.
Oct 11, 2015 pure iron has two main applications, chemical inert vessels and soft magnetic cores. The effect of copper addition on the mechanical and wear. Cast iron properties, classification, chemical composition. The mechanical properties stated in these rules shall be verified by means of tensile tests. In both cases mechanical properties are something you care less about compared to advantages tied to cost and specific performance. Mechanical and structural properties of ductile cast iron.
Effect of graphite nodularity on mechanical properties of ductile iron for waterworks fittings and accessories a. Cast iron is an iron alloy characterized by its relatively high carbon content usually 2 % to 4%. Mechanical properties of an iron oxide formed by corrosion. The current aisc lrfd manual 2001 only requires impact testing in one. American water works association awwa 2004 manual of water supply. Ductile cast iron has high fluidity, excellent castability, strength, high toughness, excellent wear resistance, pressure tightness, weldability and higher machinability in comparison to grey cast iron.
Iron makes up 5% of the earths crust and is one of the most abundantly available metals. The capacity of this machine is 10,000 pounds tension and compression. To demonstrate the distinguishing mechanical properties of steel and ductile iron. Because every mechanical system is subjected to loads during operation, it is important to understand how the materials that make up those mechanical systems behave. A mechanical properties model has been developed to quantitatively describe the relationship between selected mechanical properties, such as hardness, tensile. Engjs5007 is middle grade of ductile cast iron in european standard din en 1563, its equivalent grade in din 1693 is ggg50.
Aug, 20 physical properties mechanical properties applications. C engineering materials manual, reinhold publishing corporation. Influence of cooling rate and antimony addition content on. Some of the common classifications are based on the appearance of their fracture. The insulating shell used in investment castings has a very significant effect on the microstructure that forms when producing ductile iron. They found that the higher pearlite content led to faster tool wear and higher cutting force.
It discusses the hardness properties, tensile properties, shear and. Cast iron is an alloy of carbon over 2% and other elements. Work by wert4 has shown that the yield strength of ironcarbon alloys in. The main commercial applications for silicon are in semiconductors and solar cells. The book covers topics such as the mechanical, physical, and electrical properties of iron and the different tests under which it is subjected. The outstanding properties of ductile iron are due to. Carbon is present in the form of plates in gray cast iron, whereas it is incorporated as a compound fe 3 c cementite in white cast iron. Pdf physical and mechanical properties of iron powder filled. A mechanical properties model has been developed to quantitatively describe the relationship between selected mechanical properties, such as hardness, tensile strength, and elongation, and the. Results revealed that mechanical properties decrease with increasing size of casting module. Some properties, such as tension parallel to the grain, and all properties for some imported species are based on a more limited. The paper deals with elastic properties of iron oxides formed in reinforced concrete structures.
Mechanical properties in thinwall ductile iron castings. Pure iron has two main applications, chemical inert vessels and soft magnetic cores. A study of the microstructure and mechanical properties of. Comparison of the mechanical properties of steel and. Mechanical testing included tension tests and hardness tests. Effects of silicon on mechanical properties and fracture. Comparing the structure and mechanical properties of. It can be heated and reheated and worked into various shapes. Physical properties mechanical properties applications. Sae j434 for automotive ductile nodular iron castings by dandong foundry in china. American water works association awwa 2004 manual of water supply practicesm11. How much graphite is present, the length of the flakes and how they are distributed in the matrix directly influence the properties of the iron.
It belongs to group 8, periodic number 4 of the periodic table. Cast iron contains tensile strength of about 150nmm 2 and the compressive strength is about 600nmm 2. Jul 17, 2017 after it has cooled, the steel is reheated and rolled into a final finished shape. F ao f is load applied parallel to the upper and lower faces each of which has an area a0. Mechanical properties of cast iron, mild iron and steel at historical structures. Mechanical properties of iron comprise of its density, tensile strength, viscosity, vapor pressure. It discusses the hardness properties, tensile properties, shear and torsional properties, damping capacity, compressive properties, fatigue properties, and fracture toughness of ductile iron.
Variability of the mechanical properties of wrought iron from historic. First cast to white iron and then heattreated to produce nodular graphite precipitates. While the graphite enhances the desirable properties of cast iron, the flakes dis. Graphite shape, which can range from flake to spherical, plays a significant role in determining the mechanical properties of cast irons.
Mechanical properties of an iron oxide formed by corrosion in. The following rules come into force on april 1st, 2009. Microscopically, all gray irons contain flake graphite dispersed in a siliconiron matrix. The magnetic anisotropy in a single crystal of iron is shown in fig. This sae standard covers the minimum mechanical properties measured on separately cast test pieces of varying thickness and microstructural requirements for ductile iron castings used in automotive and allied industries. Sae j434 for automotive ductile nodular iron castings. This means that wrought steel has some of the structural properties of cast steel, such as additional weight of metal required to have the same structural integrity as a similar piece of forged steel. Effect of graphite nodularity on mechanical properties of. Pdf this article reports on an experimental study of the physical and mechanical properties of polystyrene ps and feps polymer. These are briefly suggested below and explained in more detail under process steps.
Many of the mechanical properties of wood tabulated in this chapter were derived from extensive sampling and analysis procedures. The followings are its other equivalent grades, its mechanical properties, chemical composition, castings and foundri. Elwakil1,4 abstract waterworks fittings and accessories are important applications for ductile irons. Wrought iron is an iron alloy with very low carbon content with respect to cast iron. Its important physical properties are low density, low hardness and high thermal conductivity and lubricity.
Hardness, brinell, 146, 146, converted from vickers for 3000 kg load10 mm ball. To demonstrate the distinguishing mechanical properties of steel and ductile iron, large diameter samples were gathered, cut, and subjected to mechanical property testing. The grades of ductile iron designated by their tensile properties in the specification astm a536 are presented in a table. Physical and engineering properties describes the importance of iron and its properties, as well as the process of casting in the different fields of engineering.
Comparing mechanical properties of steel and ductile iron 2011. The distinguishing characteristics or qualities that are used to describe a substance such as metal are known as its physical properties. Physical and mechanical properties of materials melting temperature 9 density 10 youngs modulus 11. In fact, the ratio of strength to weight for steel is lower than any other building material. When molten, cast iron solidifies some of the carbon precipitates as graphite, forming tiny, irregular flakes within the and cry stal structure of the metal 2. After it has cooled, the steel is reheated and rolled into a final finished shape. Cast iron has good corrosion resistance, so it can be used for watercarrying pipes etc. Wood handbookchapter 4mechanical properties of wood.
Chemical properties physical properties mechanical properties thermal properties applications. Physical and mechanical properties of silicon by insaco. Comparison of the mechanical properties of steel and ductile. These mechanical properties of the metal include strength, stiffness, elasticity, plasticity, ductility, brittleness, malleability, toughness, resilience, creep and. A fully ferritic structure with recrystallized grains is. The mechanical properties of iron are tabulated below.
This is the stable form of pure carbon in cast iron. The graphite morphology determines the mechanical properties of ductile iron. It is soft, ductile, magnetic, and has high elasticity and tensile strength. Pdf investigation of mechanical properties of carbidic. This paper describes the preparation and mechanical properties of an extensive series of very pure alloys of electrolytic iron, carbon, and manganese whose. Iron carbon 30 aluminium copper 30 aluminium silicon 31. The rigidity and dampening factor of cast iron make it an excellent material for machine tool frames and parts.
Nonferrous metals are used because of its properties such as higher conductivity e. The mechanical properties of this alloy are very much dependent on the morphology of its carbon content. The mechanical properties of glass theoretical strength, practical strength, fatigue, flaws, toughness, chemical processes glass engineering 150. Determining hardness and other properties of steel, iron and. The followings are its other equivalent grades, its mechanical properties, chemical composition, castings and foundries. The test is performed using a loading apparatus such as the tinius olsen machine.
Silicon is the second most abundant element on earth. The outstanding properties of ductile iron are due to a nodular or spheroidal. Mechanical properties of ductile irons1 cast iron science. An evaluation of mechanical properties and part quality in. Perhapsthemostnatural test of amaterials mechanical properties is the tensiontest,in which astriporcylinderofthematerial,havinglengthlandcrosssectionalareaa,isanchoredatone end and subjected to an axial load p a load acting along the specimens long. Physical and mechanical properties of materials melting temperature 9 density 10 youngs modulus 11 yield stress and tensile strength 12 fracture toughness environmental resistance 14 uniaxial tensile response of selected metals and polymers 15 iii. The literature data for elastic modulus of yfe, the hightemperature phase. All the mechanical properties mentioned above affect the quality of the cast iron ductile, gray, so it is important to choose a manufacturer that meticulously undertakes these states. Home tips and facts mechanical properties of gray iron. Author links open overlay panel fangrui lin zhixing chen bin liu yong liu chengshang zhou. Spherical graphite in ductile iron leads to excellent properties, while chunky graphite severely reduces the properties of ductile iron castings. This article evaluates and identifies the most important variables affecting the mechanical properties and carbide formation in thinwall ductile iron castings and suggests the most economical. Mechanical properties of high purity fec alloys at.
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